This Is The Mesothelioma And Asbestos Case Study You'll Never Forget
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Asbestos is a mineral that occurs naturally in the form of long, thin fibers. Workers who are regularly exposed to asbestos risk developing lung diseases such as mesothelioma.
It could take a long time for symptoms to appear after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos types can cause different symptoms.
Pleural Mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma, a form of cancer, that affects the outer lung lining (pleura). It is the most frequent mesothelioma that accounts for up 70% to 79% of all diagnosed cases. People with this condition experience pain in the chest and breath shortness, and they may feel an ache or heaviness in the chest.
This type of cancer typically caused by exposure to asbestos which is a cluster of minerals made up of microscopic fibres. When inhaled, these fibers, cause irritation and DNA mutations. Pleura covers both the chest cavity and the lungs, which means that irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.
The most commonly reported symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Some patients have coughing problems, trouble breathing, or chest tightness. People with this cancer often have previous exposure to asbestos in the workplace. Construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding are among the most prevalent occupations that put people at a high risk of developing pleural mesothelioma. People who served in the military are at a greater risk due the frequent use of asbestos in Navy vessels and Army bunkers.
The most commonly used staging system for pleural mysothelioma has been the TNM (tumor lymph nodes, lymph nodes, and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient has at diagnosis will assist their doctor in determining the best treatment plan for them. Patients with pleural mesothelioma that is in stage three or four will have a less favorable prognosis than those who are in a lower stage. Mesothelioma in stage four is usually spread to the diaphragm, the liver and/or a person's heart. This makes the cancer more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for patients.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma
As opposed to pleural mesothelioma that is a lung-lining cancer, peritoneal mesothelioma is found in the peritoneum -- a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs such as the intestines and the liver. Like pleural mesothelioma, asbestos exposure is the primary cause of peritoneal msothelioma. The disease is less prevalent than pleural mesothelioma, with just 300-500 cases being diagnosed each year.
As with pleural asbestosis, symptoms can take several years to show. Patients usually experience abdominal pain, and could also experience a mass in their abdomen. Symptoms of this type of mesothelioma can also include nausea, weight loss and fever. Many of these symptoms are similar to those experienced by gastrointestinal issues, which can cause confusion in diagnosis.
Doctors can detect mesothelioma by examining the patient's medical history and performing a physical exam. They can also use imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans and PET/CT scans to help find mesothelioma. These tests can identify tumors and other signs of cancer that are not evident on X-rays.
These tests enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and determine the stage and suggest treatment options. Staging is determined based on the type of cells and whether or not the tumor has spread to other regions of the body.
The most significant mesothelioma risk factor is exposure to asbestos. People who have worked in professions that involve asbestos, like plumbing or manufacturing, electrical work or construction, are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Even if a person does not work in any of these areas however, they may still be exposed through family members or other sources. This is why anyone who suspects they may be at risk should speak to an expert. If they have an history of exposure to asbestos or mesothelioma, a specialist can assist them in finding out more about their risk.
Risk Factors
Asbestos exposure is the main mesothelioma risk factor, accounting for up to 80 percent of cases. Exposure to asbestos can happen due to military service, work or living with someone who used to work with asbestos attorney. Asbestos particles are inhaled by people who are exposed to it. These particles can cause irritation to the linings, causing cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Following exposure to asbestos, mesothelioma may occur between 15 and 60 year.
Other risk factors include smoking, genetics and age. People in their 40s and 50s are more likely to develop mesothelioma than those who are younger or more senior. This is because mesothelioma usually occurs between 20 and 60 years after the initial exposure before symptoms of cancer begin to manifest. It is important to note, too, that mesothelioma may develop in those who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having directly worked with it. This is referred to as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos, and it could be as hazardous as direct exposure.
Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma developing, since it damages mesothelium. It can also make it more vulnerable. Furthermore, mesothelioma is exacerbated by certain illnesses like pneumonia and asbestosis. Men are more likely to develop mesothelioma than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for longer periods of time and to have worked with asbestos for longer durations and to work with it. Men are also more likely to live with someone who has had asbestos exposure and bring stray asbestos fibers home on their clothing. Women are less likely to be exposed to asbestos, and they are less likely to carry asbestos on their clothing.
Diagnosis
Mesothelioma is a difficult cancer to identify because the symptoms are often similar to other conditions. This can result in patients being misdiagnosed.
NYU Langone doctors will perform an examination of the body and document the patient's medical history including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also order a CT scan or chest X-ray to look for lumps, abnormalities and evidence of exposure to asbestos. These include plaques in the pleura, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.
Other diagnostic tests include an echocardiogram which examines the blood vessels and the heart, and a magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI test that uses radio waves and magnets to create detailed images of the interior of the body. Another way for doctors to detect mesothelioma is through an operation called a biopsy. During a surgery biopsy, doctors remove a tiny piece of tissue from pleura or the peritoneum, to be tested further. A pathologist will then look at the tissue under a magnifying glass to determine whether it contains cancerous cells.
Mesothelioma is classified based on the type of mesothelial cells involved, whether these cells are benign or malignant and the location, type, and stage of the cancer. Certain types of mesothelioma may be more likely to grow or spread which is why it is crucial to get a definite diagnosis to ensure that doctors are able to treat the disease before it gets out of control.
Doctors may also conduct tests in the lab on tumors to determine specific genes, proteins or other elements which can help them identify the cancer's characteristics and plan treatment. These results are known as staging.
Treatment
A diagnosis of mesothelioma can be frightening. However, it is important to keep in mind that the cancer can be treated, particularly in its early stages. Many patients with mesothelioma survive for many years without the disease spreading to other parts of their body.
Exposure to asbestos may cause mesothelioma in many ways. Asbestos fibers, which are too small to be felt or viewed through the naked eye can be airborne and irritate the lung's lining (pleura). As time passes the irritation can lead to the formation of scar tissue and eventually tumors.
The Pleura is a protective layer that covers the lungs, heart and abdomen. Mesothelium consists of cells that react to Asbestos case (Thatswhathappened.wiki) which causes it to become inflamed and create scar tissue. These changes can eventually cause mesothelioma cancers.
Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include breathing problems and chest pain, or a buildup of fluid on the lung (pleural effusion). In rare cases the cancer may be spread to the tissues around the heart and reproductive organs.
If imaging scans reveal a possible mass in the lungs or stomach, a doctor will order biopsies. During the procedure doctors remove small amounts of fluid or tumor for laboratory testing. The results will confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and provide the best treatment plan.
There are a variety of mesothelioma treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Most doctors rely on a combination of these methods. Patients may also benefit from taking part in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma therapies. To learn more, patients should speak to a mesothelioma specialist who has had experience treating the disease.
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