A An Instructional Guide To High Grown Arabica Coffee Beans From Begin…
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Arabica coffee beans are distinguished by a distinctive flavor. Arabica is more susceptible to diseases and pests than its low-elevation cousin Robusta.
High-grown arabica is a sought-after variety that is found in premium blend arabica coffee beans coffee shops and specialty roasters. What makes this coffee so unique? Scientists have found the reason: altitude.
High Altitudes
With a rich history that spans from Ethiopia and Yemen to lower Africa, coffee has found its way into the hearts of many, forming an enormous portion of the world's coffee production. While low-elevation beans are commercially viable, and make up the instant coffee that is sold in grocery stores, real coffee lovers prefer specialty arabica grown high altitudes for a more complex taste profile.
The mountainous regions of the world's most renowned coffee-producing countries--Central and South America, Southern Asia and some Pacific Islands, and mid to southern Africa--provide ideal growing conditions for the high-quality arabica beans. These high-elevation climates are not frosty and provide a pleasantly warm climate with an average annual temperature of 64 to 73 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cool mountain temperatures slow the growth process of the coffee plant and permit it to mature slower. The coffee beans can absorb flavors from the surrounding environment, which gives them a unique flavor. The longer maturation period also helps to prevent the coffee berry borer, which is a small beetle that infests and eats the beans and also the coffee leaf miner moth, which hinders photosynthesis and decreases productivity.
The combination of these factors creates a more palatable flavor and taste profile when as compared to lower-elevation coffees. Coffee that is grown at higher elevations has a higher concentration of sweet flavors, such as fruit, citrus and vanilla, while being richer and smoother than lower elevation counterparts. The bean's consistency, sweetness and richness of flavor make it the preferred coffee for roasters who want to make a high-quality cup of coffee.
High-grown arabica is commonly called strictly high-grown (SHG) or strictly hard bean (SHB), meaning that the coffee is grown at a higher altitude than 4000 feet. The beans are typically grown on volcanic soils, and they are shade-grown, or organically cultivated. This adds to their already delicious flavor. Since these beans develop and mature more slowly than those grown at lower elevations and are therefore heavier, resulting in a stronger cup with a more distinct and consistent flavor. This unique characteristic makes SHG or SHB arabica the coffee of choice for roasters who want to create an espresso that is unique.
Cool Climate
The world's best coffee growing regions are located in the tropical zone between Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. This region is known as the "coffee belt". high-quality arabica coffee beans - reference - are grown in these mountains where the low altitudes and cool climate provide the perfect conditions for the plant to thrive.
Arabica plants can withstand an array of climate conditions. However, their best development occurs in subtropical areas with cool evenings and warm temperatures during the daytime. This unique climate permits the plant to develop unique flavors that reflect freedom. These flavors are what make coffee so special.
While the low-elevation coffees lining the instant coffee aisle of your local grocery store may grow quickly, experts and aficionados alike know that these types are less bitter and flavorful than specialty coffee beans produced at higher elevations. The majority of coffee consumed across the globe is high-altitude coffee.
The best arabica coffee beans are said to be cultivated between 3000 to 6,500 feet above sea level. The combination of high altitude, cool climate, and fertile soil is the reason these beans are unique and delicious.
Coffee farmers are always looking for the perfect soil conditions to cultivate high-quality arabica plants. The soil should be rich in humus and have a smooth texture that drains well. This type of soil is ideal for the cultivation of arabica because it promotes the development of healthy roots as well as helps minimize the incidence of plant diseases.
In addition to a soil that has the right humus content, coffee farms also prefer a cooler climate with a distinct dry season. These conditions allow the plants to mature more slowly and produce a denser and more flavorful coffee.
Well-Drained soil
In contrast to the low-elevation species which are grown for mass production and lined the aisles of grocery stores the high-quality arabica coffee beans are coveted by aficionados for their complex and sophisticated flavor. The coffee plants are protected under tall canopy trees and the nutrient-rich volcanic soil provides ideal growing conditions for these special beans. The soil is high in nutrients and allows the roots to absorb them, however it the soil drains quickly, ensuring that there are no stagnant puddles.
Arabian coffee plants have a long taproot as well as small fibrous roots that extend outwards for 3 to 4 ft (0.9-1.2 meters). The flowers of the cherry are small, fragrant and white. These drupes have two seeds inside and are ripe when they are red or purple in colour. The plant is self-fertile and doesn't require cross pollination to produce fruit.
The cooler climate at higher elevations slows the development of the coffee plant, allowing it to mature at a slower rate. This allows the beans to develop deeper flavors. This produces a coffee that is more affluent and complex, and has a more pronounced flavor than coffees grown at lower altitudes.
At high altitudes the temperatures are cooler and the air more humid. The cooler climate is ideal for the sensitive growth of the coffee plant and it aids in reducing the spread of pests and diseases that affect lower elevation plants.
Due to the particular climate and soil characteristics, high-altitude farms can produce more beans than farms at lower elevations. This is the reason you'll often find these premium beans in specialty cafes and top coffee roasters.
When growing your own arabica plant, pay attention to its specific needs and use the right soil mix to align with those requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that could be too heavy in ingredients and do not allow the roots of your arabica plant to thrive. Compost or other organic matter can be added to the soil in order to improve water retention, but without creating a cement-like texture. Water your plant when the soil is dry to the touch, avoiding excessive or under-watering which can cause root the rot.
Unique Flavors
The unique flavor profile of arabica beans makes them highly sought after. They are more sophisticated and nuanced in taste than other coffees. They have notes of fruit, flowers, caramel and chocolate. The care taken in growing and roasting produces the smoother, sweeter taste. These beans also contain less caffeine and acidity than other varieties, making them less bitter and more enjoyable to drink.
Arabica beans are grown in mountainous regions around the globe which are part of the Coffee Belt. The Coffee Belt is a tropical region that extends 30 degrees north or south of the Equator. This is where the best-quality beans are grown. The coffee plants are planted in volcanic and other fertile soils, and produce small fruit that are referred to as coffee cherries.
These cherries contain two seeds. The seeds are separated from the fleshy outer layer as they begin to ripen, and then are roasted and ground to create the coffee. Arabica coffee beans are considered to be premium because they are typically more expensive than other varieties of beans, and they possess a distinct flavor.
The high altitudes at which arabica beans are grown is among the primary factors that affect their flavor and quality. The cool climate and fertile volcanic soils make arabica beans taste better than beans grown at lower altitudes. The higher elevations also have a positive impact on the maturation of coffee beans. The cooler temperatures slow the growth of the beans, which gives them more time to mature.
The different coffee-growing regions around the world each have their own signature flavors and distinctive characteristics. For example, arabica beans from Central America tend to have balanced composition and a light body, while those from Ethiopia and Kenya are popular for their savory sweet flavors. These unique flavors are due to the fact that each region and country has its own distinct soil type. Certain soils can hold water well and produce a rich, chocolaty taste, while others have a sandy texture that makes the coffee taste less sweet.
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