Guide To Mesothelioma And Asbestos: The Intermediate Guide Towards Mes…
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Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that comes in thin, long fibres. Workers who are exposed to asbestos regularly risk developing mesothelioma and other lung diseases of different types.
Symptoms of these diseases may not manifest for years after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos types can cause different symptoms.
Pleural Mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma, a form of cancer, that occurs in the lung's outer lining (pleura). It is the most frequent mesothelioma that accounts for up between 70 and 79% of all diagnosed cases. This condition causes chest pain, breath shortness, and a feeling of weightiness.
Exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals made of microscopic fibers, typically causes this kind of cancer. When inhaled, these fibers are absorbed into the lung and cause irritation that leads to scarring and DNA mutations. The pleura is the area that surrounds the chest cavity and lungs, so these irritations can affect both the lungs as well as a person's heart. Mesothelioma symptoms usually don't appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure.
The most commonly reported symptoms of pleural melanoma are chest pain and shortness of breath. Some patients may also feel tightness in their chest and coughing, or breathing difficulties. People who suffer from this cancer usually have an history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. The most common jobs that put people at risk of pleural mesothelioma include construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding. Individuals who have served in the military are at greater risk due to the widespread use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers for the Army.
The most commonly used staging system for pleural mysothelioma has been the TNM (tumor lymph nodes, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage that the patient is in at the moment of diagnosis will determine the treatment plan they will receive. For instance, patients suffering from a pleural mesothelioma in stage three or four have a less favorable prognosis than those in lower stages. Stage four mesothelioma can develop into the liver, heart or diaphragm. This makes it more difficult to treat and increase the likelihood of complications for patients.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Unlike pleural mesothelioma, which develops in the lung lining, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum -- an elongated membrane that covers the abdominal cavity as well as organs such as the intestines and the liver. Like pleural mesothelioma, asbestos litigation exposure is the reason for peritoneal msothelioma. The disease is less common than pleural mesothelioma. There are only about 300-500 cases diagnosed each year.
Like pleural mesothelioma, symptoms can take years to show. Patients generally suffer from abdominal pain and could also experience a mass in their abdomen. This type of mesothelioma may cause nausea, weight loss and fever. Many of these symptoms could be mistaken for gastrointestinal problems, leading to a false diagnosis.
Doctors can detect mesothelioma by examining the patient's medical history and performing a physical exam. Imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans can be used to detect mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors and other signs of cancer that aren't evident on X-rays.
The results of these tests allow doctors to identify mesothelioma, and determine the stage. They can also suggest treatments. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the tumor has spread.
Asbestos exposure is the main risk factor. People who have been exposed to asbestos in professions, such as plumbing or electrical work, or in construction and manufacturing, are more likely to develop the disease. However, even if individuals do not work in these fields, they can still be exposed to asbestos through family members or other sources. Anyone who suspects that they are at risk should consult a doctor. A mesothelioma specialist can help those who have a previous history of asbestos to find out more about their risk.
Risk Factors
Asbestos is the main risk factor for mesothelioma. It is responsible for as much as 80% of all cases. Exposure to asbestos can occur due to work, military service, or through living with a person who works with asbestos or was previously exposed to doing the same. Asbestos particles can be breathed in by those who are exposed to it. These particles can cause irritation to the linings of the lungs, causing cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma may take between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.
Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and aging. The people in their 40s or 50s are at greater risk of developing mesothelioma compared to those who are younger or older. It is because mesothelioma generally takes 20 to 60 years from the first time of exposure before the first signs of cancer appear. It is also important to know that mesothelioma is a possibility in people who have been exposed to asbestos but did not work with it directly. This is referred to as indirect or secondary asbestos exposure. It can be as hazardous as direct asbestos exposure.
Smoking increases a person's chances of developing mesothelioma since it damages the mesothelium and makes it more prone to asbestos. Additionally, mesothelioma can be worsened by certain diseases like asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to note that mesothelioma is more common for men than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for longer periods of time and to work with it. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who been exposed to asbestos, and to carry asbestos fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come into exposure to asbestos and rarely carry asbestos home on their clothes.
Diagnosis
Mesothelioma is a difficult cancer to diagnose because the symptoms are often similar to other diseases. This can result in patients being misdiagnosed.
NYU Langone doctors will perform physical examinations and document the patient's medical history, including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also order an CT scan or chest X-ray in order to look for abnormalities, lumps and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include plaques on the pleura, pleura that are thickened and calcium deposits.
Other diagnostic tests include an echocardiogram which examines the heart and blood vessels as well as a magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, test, which uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the interior of the body. Another method doctors use to diagnose mesothelioma is through the procedure of a surgical biopsy. A surgical biopsy is when doctors remove a small amount of tissue from the peritoneum or pleura for further analysis. A pathologist then examines the tissue under a magnifying lens to determine if it contains cancerous cells.
The mesothelial type involved and the benign or malignant nature of these cells and the location the cancer, its type and the stage of the tumor, are used to categorize the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma are at an increased risk of metastasizing or spreading, so it's important to determine the type of mesothelioma so doctors can treat it prior to it becoming out-of-control.
Doctors may also conduct tests in the lab on tumors to determine specific proteins, genes or other elements that can aid in describing cancer characteristics and determine the best treatment. These results are referred to as staging.
Treatment
A mesothelioma diagnosis can be an incredibly frightening prospect. However, it is important to remember that the cancer is treatable, especially in its early stages. Many people with mesothelioma live for many years without the disease spreading to other parts of their body.
Asbestos exposure can cause mesothelioma by many mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, which are too small to be able to see or feel through the naked eye, can be airborne and cause irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). Over time irritation leads to formation of scar tissue, which leads to changes in the structure of cells that eventually develop into tumors.
The pleura is a protective covering that surrounds the lungs, heart and abdomen. Mesothelium is made up of cells that react to asbestos, causing it to inflame and form scar tissue. As time passes, these changes lead to the development of malignant mesothelioma tumors.
Shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or the accumulation of fluid on the lungs are all indications of the pleural mesothelioma. In rare instances, the cancer can spread to the tissues surrounding the heart and reproductive organs.
If scans of imaging reveal an underlying mass in the stomach or lungs, a doctor will order biopsies. The procedure involves the removal of small amounts of fluid or tumor to allow for tests in the laboratory. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and determine the best treatment plan.
There are many types of treatment for mesothelioma including surgery and chemotherapy. Most doctors utilize combinations of these treatments. Patients could also benefit from taking part in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma treatment. Patients can learn more by speaking with a mesothelioma doctor who has treated mesothelioma.
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