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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee, you likely already know that different kinds of beans have different flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor and are often used in coffee beans bristol blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of the global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under the conditions it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were stimulated after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique specialty coffees that are well-suited for many different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee and is typically preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cost-effective crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and Coffee Beans Types beans to lower costs while maintaining the good quality coffee beans. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you must select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean types. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can find the seeds online from a number of sources, however it is preferred to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a distinct species, but was later re-classified to be a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20-30-foot coffee plants at medium altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both fruity and tart which has made them a popular selection in blends for house. They have a more subtle aroma and caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most expensive coffee beans popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. They are often blended to give extra body and a full, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are renowned for their a sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They are slightly acidic. When roasted and brewed properly, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and more round however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

After learning about the four most popular types, it's now time to choose your favorite brew. If you're looking for a silky mild flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.